The Role Of Honor Killing As A Model And Internet...

Qandeel Baloch rose to fame in 2013 following her appearance on Pakistan Idol. She gained notoriety as a model and Internet sensation. Her postings drew massive followings. As her star grew, so did controversy surrounding Baloch’s social and political views. Many of her statements and fashion choices drew criticism from her detractors; including her brother. In mid-July of 2016, Baloch was found dead by her parents. Her brother Waseem Azeem admitted to her murder stating that her actions were disrespectful to the pedigree of their family in an effort to justify his actions. Honor killing is the result of narrow-mindedness passed down from generation to generation. It is very much so a global concern. The phrase â€Å"honor killing† is defined by the United Nations’ official website (2012) as the murder of a female by a family member because of shame being brought on the family due to their actions (UN Women;). In essence, honor killing is a method of inflicting punishment to a female family member who participates in activity that is otherwise prohibited by her family / culture / religion. As opposed to just being referred to as â€Å"murder†; the addition of the word â€Å"honor† is to enforce the notion that these events are linked to philosophies surrounding religion, sexism, and patriarchy. The history of honor killing can be traced back thousands of years to the Roman era; this social problem is anything but new. These acts have been mentioned in both Islamic as well asShow MoreRelatedEssay about Negative Effects of Media Violence on Children3872 Words   |  16 Pagesthat â€Å"anger, stress and coping mechanisms are the main issues when talking about youth violence† (qtd. in Benedict 2). Youth violence is an overwhelming problem as realization occurs on the horrifying fact that children are killing other children. Sixteen year old honor student Derrion Albert from Chicago was attacked on his way to school at the bus stop. A mob of teens attacked him and clubbed him in the head with a piece of wood, pushed him down and stomped on him. The beating was fatalRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages The relationship between phenomenology and  existentialism  is a close one. Phenomenology shares several of the same ideas as its sibling, and the line between the two is often unclear. Founded by  Edmund Husserl, phenomenology is a philosophical model that was made to be free of presupposition. The idea is to study and describe objects and events from the position of observers, rather than to make claims about some objective reality. Anything that is not immediately concious is to be excluded. RatherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 PsychologyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSupplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and ManagementRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesinternationally. Chris was the Iowa recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science and Mathematics Teaching in 1986. He was a regional winner of the IBM Com- Contents 1 The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 1.1 Three Reasons to Study Statistics 1 1.2 The Nature and Role of Variability 4 1.3 Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 7 1.4 Types of Data and Some Simple Graphical Displays 12 Activity 1.1 Head Sizes: Understanding Variability 22 Activity 1.2 Estimating

The Fundamentals of Free Samples of a Research Essay Revealed

The Fundamentals of Free Samples of a Research Essay Revealed There are lots of things to take into account when planning a research. As a consequence, you get a fantastic deal of free time and completed homework. Don't worry, there's a help. Another reason given by students for not having the ability to finish their essays in time is deficiency of sufficient time, particularly when the assignment is issued near deadline. A great small business program would document short-term and long-term aims of the company and establish certain tasks for achieving theses goals. Before investing a penny, you ought to read the available totally free samples in the site and gain some concept of its writing ability. Such a situation available on the market is anticipated, for each business has to earn money. Research thoroughly on the subject that you're likely to write on. The Tried and True Method for Free Samples of a Research Essay in Step by Step Detail Our samples are supposed to s et you apart by assisting you to write superior papers and essays. Which is precisely why we here offer you some persuasive essay samples that may aid you with your own. These research paper samples are obtainable for your perusal which you'll be able to download and use for your present research paper. Look at our samples of descriptive essays to comprehend how to write them by yourself. On our website, you're come across competent essay writers who will assist you with your assignments whatever they may be. Free essay papers provide great benefits of the students. If it's still true that you could hardly write fantastic essays, you can view absolutely free essay papers online. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. What You Should Do About Free Samples of a Research Essay Starting in the Next 5 Minutes As the title of the writing implies you must conduct the research in the certain region of knowledge. After finding the ideal topic to write about, the author should come up with a way to evidentially support their ideas by utilizing the essential word count. Just think about how an expert writer is prepared to devote time and resources writing work which will not earn them even a cent. There's no need to sign as much as a site. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is by way of seeing and understanding work which is already completed. Control of the net is paramount for anybody who wants to control public opinion. If you need assistance with an instance of an abstract in a research paper or with a personalized undertaking, there isn't any need to waste time trying to find freelancers online. Things You Won't Like About Free Samples of a Research Essay and Things You Will A writer ought to avoid tackling huge and complicated subjects. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Asking the writer to present humanitarian essay examples of their prior work are not only going to offer you some thought of the writing style of the professional, but may also be a pointer to the competence and qualification of the person. If you use any of the subsequent formats, the profes sor is going to be satisfied. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. An essay is a lot more than merely a wonderful thesis statement, a couple paragraphs in its entire body and a conclusion. This essay will concentrate on Kailash Satyarthi among the individuals that... Emile Durkheim on Suicide Introduction Emile Durkheim is among the founding fathers of sociology that is commonly used in today's era. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and an appropriate structure. If you're asking for a scholarship, the likelihood that you want to compose an essay are high. If you've got an assignment deadline coming up and you're worried that you won't be in a position to finish your task, don't hesitate to order a paper. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. Research Paper preparation means handling a great deal of information. Go through the whole absolutely free papers online and attempt to recognize the practical details of composition.

85725561975000180975375285000Nobody knows exactly Essay Example For Students

85725561975000180975375285000Nobody knows exactly Essay who or when iron was discovered but it has been around since ancient times as far back as 5000Bc. The iron age began about 1300-1200 BC when iron became cheap enough to replace bronze. Websites:http://ironfact.weebly.com/http://www.elementalmatter.info/iron-properties.htmhttp://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-are-uses-ironhttp://www.google.ca/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjr1YDh9IHLAhUY5WMKHcHbDRkQjRwIBwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.org%2Fwhat-are-some-uses-for-iron.htmpsig=AFQjCNFca7FlkYYyBPXph3R-2Fxo98toXQust=1455905359817902http://www.google.ca/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwicgYrq9IHLAhUU8WMKHSn7B9QQjRwIBwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehow.com%2Flist_7699672_uses-malleable-cast-iron.htmlpsig=AFQjCNFca7FlkYYyBPXph3R-2Fxo98toXhttp://www.google.ca/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj5n_S69YHLAhVE2mMKHdmMAYoQjRwIBwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fforums.relicnews.com%2Fprintthread.php%3Ft%3D168248%26pp%3D50%26page%3D13ps ig=AFQjCNFca7FlkYYyBPXph3R-2Fxo98toXQust=1455905359817902154305146685000IronIron is a metal What are the Physical Properties of Iron? Color Silver-gray metal Malleability Capable of being shaped or bent Ductility Easily pulled or stretched into a thin wire Luster Has a shine or glow Conductivity Good transmission of heat or electricity Allotropy It occurs in two or more crystalline forms in the same physical state Tensile It can be stretched without breaking Ferromagnetic Easily magnetizedIron, a metal, is the 26th element on the periodic table. Its atomic weight is 55.845, and it exists as a solid at room temperature. Iron melts at 2,800 degrees Fahrenheit and boils at 5,182 F. In its pure state, iron has a density of 7.874 grams per cubic centimeter11449048381900Iron is an element that has been known in its pure form for at least 5,000 years. The name iron comes from the Anglo-Saxon word iron and Scandinavian iarn for the metal. The element symbol for iron is Fe, which comes from the Latin word for iron, ferrum. Iron is one of the most plentiful elements. It comprises about 5.6% of the earths crust and almost all of the earths core. The single largest use of iron is to make steel, an alloy of iron and a smaller amount of carbon. According to archaeological records from Anatolia, man has been producing steel for at least 4,000 years. Iron is a transition metal. Iron is not always magnetic! The allotrope (or form) or iron is ferromagnetic, yet if it is transformed to the b allotrope, the magnetism disappears even though the crystal lattice is unchanged.

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Essay Example

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Paper Carabao Manure THE EFFICIENCY OF CARABAO MANURE WITH EXTRACT OF EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus cinerea) AND LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citrates) LEAVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE MOSQUITO REPELLANT Background of the Study Dengue victims are abundantly spreading in our society and they are caused by the known Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes are merely found in places where there are abandoned tires and containers filled with stagnant water, Mosquitoes are also known as the most dangerous killers in the world where they can victimize an approximate of 2 to 3 million people in a year. Mostly found on leading stores are expensive commercial chemical mosquito repellants. Carabao manure definition These mosquito repellants may contain toxic chemicals that can cause respiratory diseases to us, human beings. In connection with this, we must also consider that not all of us can afford to purchase these said mosquito repellants. These commercialized mosquito repellants contain toxins like DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) that are widely used by most residents in our community. Objectives of the Study This study is designed to produce an alternative mosquito repellant out of carabo manure with extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves combined together. Carabao manure components We will write a custom essay sample on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions a. What are the chemical components of carabao manure combined with lemon grass and eucalyptus extract that would repel the mosquitoes? b. Is the carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract effective compared to the chemical commercial mosquito repellant? c. What are the effects of chemical components from carabao manure combined with lemongrass to the environment and to human beings? d. Is the natural alternative mosquito repellant safe to human beings and to the environment? Assumptions and Hypotheses: 1. The carabao manure combined with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant is efficient. 2. The materials used to make an alternative natural mosquito repellant are adequate. 3. The natural mosquito repellants is as effective as the commercial chemical repellants. Hypotheses: 1. There is a significant difference between the commercial chemical mosquito repellent and the natural mosquito repellent. 2. There is relative effectiveness of the natural mosquito repellant and the commercial chemical mosquito repellant. Definition of Terms: DEET- N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide; slightly yellow oil; most common active ingredient in insect repellants. Eucalyptus- a diverse genus of flowing trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceae; members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia. Dengue Fever- it is also known as break bone fever, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the dengue virus; dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Carabao Manure- a good organic fertilizer; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric acid and 9. potash; a good source of fuel either as dried dung, or in generating biogas or methane. Lemongrass- traditionally used by Indians as a medicine; has numerous uses and properties in aromatherapy. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. The aspects looked into were the components of carabao manure with extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus that would repel the mosquitoes and the nature of mosquitoes. Related studies about carabao manure Population or Universe: Locale of the study:MMSU-LHS-SC Period of the study:S. Y. 2010-2011 Bibliography http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti http://chemistry. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Related Literature and Studies It has been found out that Dengue fever is also known as breakbone fever, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the dengue virus; dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Footnotes: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti It has been found out that carabao manure is a good organic fertilizer; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric acid, and 9. 6 potash; a good ource of fuel either as dried dung, or in generating biogas or methane. Footnotes: http://chemistry. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm It has been found out that lemongrass is traditionally used by Indians as a medicine; has numerous uses and properties in aromatherapy. Footnotes: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Que zon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 It has been found out that observation is the most direct way and the most widely used in studying behavior. Footnotes: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 It has been found out that DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) is the most common active ingredient in insect repellants. Footnotes: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowin trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceael members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia. Footnotes: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 88 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 According to Manuel and Medel, the basic purpose of experimental research is to discover the influence of one or more factors upon a condition, group or situation, purpose in which is to discover â€Å"What will be. † Footnotes: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Method of Collecting Data: The method of collecting data used was the observation. This is concerned in gathering information for a research, may be defined as perceiving data through the senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. Observation is used to be able to gather directly, first-hand information about the subject of study. Methodology: Materials Used: The materials used in the study were: 1. Lemongrass leaves 2. Eucalyptus leaves 3. Carabao manure 4. Mortar and pestle 5. Containers 6. Strainers Procedure To produce the extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus, first washed the fresh lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves thoroughly and used the mortar and pestle to crush the leaves into fine particles. Second, squeezed the crushed leaves to get the extract. Next, the extract is strained using a strainer. Fourth, combine the extract with the carabao manure. Next, mold the carabao manure with extract in any shape you want as long as it can serve as an alternative mosquito coil. Lastly, let the carabao manure with extract be dried. Method of Research: The experimental method of research was used in this study. Experimental research is a highly controlled procedure in which manipulated treatments or actions from a factor or condition, called the experimental or independent ariable, are applied upon another factor of condition, called the dependent variable, to determine the effect of the farmer upon the latter, all other factors of variables being kept constant or equal so that any change in the dependent variable is attributable only to the experimental or independent variable. The basic purpose of experimental research is to discover the influence of one or more factors upon a condit ion, group, or situation, purpose of which is to discover â€Å"what will be. Since the study is concerned with the efficiency of carabao manure with extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves as an alternative mosquito repellant, the experimental method of research was the most appropriate method to use because it seeks to discover what will be the result and how effective it is. Conceptual Framework Output Natural Alternative Mosquito Repellant Process Extraction of Leaves Mixing Lemongrass extract and Eucalyptus extract with Carabao Manure Drying of Carabao Manure Inputs Lemongrass Leaves Eucalyptus Leaves Carabao Manure

The Killer Angels essays

The Killer Angels essays The pain, joy, bloodshed, death, and sorrow of the Civil War are all contained in the book called, The Killer Angels. This book will show you the thoughts, feelings and actions of many of the leaders of both armies. By reading this book you will get an in depth view of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Even if you know absolutely nothing about this war, you can still read and understand everything that is portrayed. This story not only gives you the view of many of the major leaders, but it also gives you the maps an strategies used in this war. It also shows you the conflicts in making these strategies. This book has inspired many, but the true question is will it inspire you? Reading this book will cause you to be engulfed in the horrors, hardships, and glories of the Civil War. The authors main purpose in writing this book is to inform and involve the reader. I believe that Michael Shaara gave the reader the true information and viewpoints. He wanted to get the reader hooked on the book. He did not want this book to be only read by historians and people that know a lot about the Civil War. He wanted this book to be able to be read by anyone. He did not want it to matter if you didnt know anything or a lot of things about the Civil War. This purpose is extremely difficult to achieve, but by using the style of writing that was used, he may have accomplished this goal. The true main idea that the author writes about is the four bloodiest days of battle that in the end decided the Civil war. He includes all of the battles that occurred in that time span. These battles are either the smallest skirmishes or the fixed bayonet charge that was ordered by Chamberlain during the battle of Little Round Top. The battles were not only just mentioned. They were described in great detail. These battles included the actual fight and then the result of the battle such as casualties on both sides, an...

Native American Fashions

Native American Fashions Fashion trends come and go but like the little black dress some garb never goes out of style. Footwear, accessories and clothing with Native American influences have surfaced as fashion staples, cycling in and out of designer collections for decades. But is this cultural appropriation or high fashion’s attempt to salute indigenous cultures? Clothing chains such as Urban Outfitters have come under fire for labeling their goods â€Å"Navajo† with reportedly no input from the Navajo Nation. To boot, bloggers are increasingly taking to task non-Natives who wear headdresses and other indigenous apparel to play a cross-cultural game of dress up. By supporting indigenous designers and learning more about the missteps the fashion world has made in regards to Native dress, you can avoid making the ultimate fashion faux pas- cultural insensitivity. Native American Fashion Staples Cultural appropriation is probably the last thing on shoppers’ minds when they hit the mall. Many consumers have no clue they’re wearing an item that has blatantly co-opted Native American culture. The rise of boho chic has especially blurred the lines. A shopper may associate a pair of feather earrings they like with hippies and bohemians and not with Native Americans. But the feather earrings, feather hair accessories and beaded jewelry on the contemporary fashion market largely owe their inspiration to indigenous cultures. The same goes for fringe purses, vests and boots, not to mention mukluks, moccasins and Native American prints on clothing. It’s certainly not a crime to wear these fashion items. But it’s important to recognize when cultural appropriation occurs and that some of the Native apparel commodified don’t just have cultural significance but also spiritual significance in Native American communities. The leather fringe purse you’re crazy about may look great with your new outfit, but it’s actually modeled after a medicine bag, which has religious importance in indigenous cultures. You might also consider researching the manufacturers who peddle apparel with Native American influences. Are Native American designers employed by the company? Does the business do anything to give back to indigenous communities? Playing Dress Up as an Indian While countless consumers will inadvertently buy products inspired by indigenous cultures, some will make a conscious decision to appropriate Native dress. This is a misstep made by trendy hipsters and high fashion magazines alike. Attending an outdoor music festival wearing a headdress, face paint, leather fringe and beaded jewelry isn’t a fashion statement but a mockery of aboriginal cultures. Just as dressing up as a Native American would be inappropriate for Halloween, it’s offensive to pile on pseudo-Native attire to get in touch with your inner hippie at a rock concert, especially when you know little about the clothing’s cultural significance. Fashion magazines such as Vogue and Glamour have been accused of cultural insensitivity by featuring fashion spreads in which white models â€Å"go primitive† by wearing Native-inspired fashions and including no Native American designers, photographers or other consultants in the process. Lisa Wade of the webs ite Sociological Images says, â€Å"These cases romanticize Indian-ness, blur separate traditions (as well as the real and the fake), and some disregard Indian spirituality. They all happily forget that, before white America decided that American Indians were cool, some whites did their absolute best to kill and sequester them. †¦So, no, it’s not cute to wear a feather in your hair or carry an Indian rug clutch, it’s thoughtless and insensitive.† Supporting Native Designers If you enjoy indigenous fashions, consider buying them directly from First Nations designers and artisans throughout North America. You can find them at Native American cultural heritage events, powwows and marketplaces. Also, academic Jessica Metcalfe runs a blog called Beyond Buckskin that features indigenous fashions, brands and designers such as Sho Sho Esquiro, Tammy Beauvais, Disa Tootoosis, Virgil Ortiz and Turquoise Soul, to name a few. Buying indigenous apparel and accessories from an artisan directly is an entirely different experience than buying Native-inspired goods from a corporation. Take Priscilla Nieto, an accomplished jewelry maker from the Santo Domingo Pueblo. She says, â€Å"We put good intentions into our work, and look forward to the person who will wear it. We do a prayer- a blessing- for the wearer of the piece, and we hope they accept this with their heart- all of the teaching from the parents and from our family.†

International trade law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International trade law - Essay Example There are three different ways that the transfer of risk may occur. The first is at the time of the conclusion of the contract for sale, the time of passing of the property in goods, and the time of the delivery of the goods. These rules may only come into effect when the parties did not contract for the transfer of risk, as is the case here. Furthermore, while the parties typically have insurance, which mitigates the risk of loss, it is still important to determine who bears the risk of loss, as the party who bears the risk of the loss is the party who is responsible for turning the loss into the insurance company, as well as await settlement from the insurance company and mitigate the damages. While risk may come from many different sources, the example in this case is political risk, which covers the risk regarding war. Assume that the contract is cif Calais The Vienna Convention Rules and the English Rules regarding cif are both relevant here, as France has ratified the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Of Goods, also known as the Vienna Convention. The Vienna Convention states that, in cif contracts, the risk of loss passes from the seller to the buyer when the goods are loaded on the ship for transit, and this covers loss that occurred during the loading process. Thus, as soon as the carrier takes control of the goods, the shipper's obligation is satisfied. In this case, the buyer in Calais would have had the risk transferred, and the buyer in Calais would have to turn the claim into the insurance company, wait for settlement and mitigate his damages. ... be covered by insurance at this point.9 This is the case in Wuensche Handelsgesellschaft International GmbH v Tai Ping Insurance Co Ltd10 in which it was decided that, in a case where cans coming from China to Germany were dented before being put upon the ship, that the seller, and the seller's insurance, assumed the risk during the pre-shipment period of time. Other rules regarding cif contracts regard the transfer of the risk once the ship is afloat. The standard English rule regarding this is that, when the goods are specific or have been appropriated, the seller may tender the documents regarding the goods to the buyer, even when the seller knows that the goods have been totally lost- therefore, at the time that the documents are tendered, the risk would pass from the seller to the buyer.11 As long as the goods were in conformity with the contract at the time that the seller shipped them, then the buyer may not reject these documents.12 This is the English Rule, and is exemplifie d in the case of The Kronprinsessen Margareta.13 In that case, the court stated that if the seller would have taken the bills of lading to their own order, then the risk would have passed to the buyer for the loss, without question. However, they did not, and the bills of lading were retained by the seller, so the case was more complicated. The Convention Rule, while not specifically addressing cif contracts regarding goods which are lost at sea, nevertheless states that risk passes from the conclusion of the contract. In this case, the retrospective transfer, which means that the risk transfers upon shipment, may only be possible when the circumstances indicate (such as the parties bargained for this, or the insurance covers this specifically), and the seller did not know that the goods